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Business executives are developing cutting-edge digital solutions as the virus outbreak spreads. A face mask detection system is one of them, and it can be used to spot people wearing them. Face mask identification software and applications have already been released by a few businesses, and others have promised to do the same for the service. The proposed work examines face mask detection accuracy using CNN networks. Mask wear is now required in many developed and developing countries worldwide when leaving the house or entering public spaces. It will be difficult to maintain touchless access control in buildings while recognising faces wearing masks on any surveillance systems. Masks covering faces has made face detection algorithms and performance difficult. The proposed work detect face mask labeled no mask or mask with detection accuracy. The work train the system to click images of a face and provide labeled data. The work is classified using Convolution Neural Network (CNN), a Deep learning technique, to classify the input image with the help of the classification algorithm MobileNetV2. The trained system shows whether a person in the video frame is wearing a mask or not. © 2023 IEEE.
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Coronavirus, Corona Virus Disease-2019, brought about by an original Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A compelling screening of this infection can empower speedy and proficient finding of COVID-19 can diminish the weight on the medical care framework. A nitty gritty examination gave dataset can assemble unique and different kinds of AI calculations, which their exhibition could be processed and further assessed. This paper proposed a mixture information mining method that coordinated Random Forest with SVM (Support Vector Machines). The accompanying case proposed model is to beat the wide range of various Machine Learning models like SVM, Decision Tree, KNN and Logistic Regression. © 2023 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
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Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a post-infectious sequelae of acute COVID-19 infection affecting children. This study was done over a period of 12 months from December 2020 to November 2021 to describe the clinical presentation, laboratory abnormalities, and outcome of children with MIS-C. Method(s): Seventy-eight children below 12 years of age who satisfied the WHO diagnostic criteria for MIS-C were included in the study. Clinical parameters were recorded at admission. Relevant laboratory investigations, radiological studies, and outcome were documented. Result(s): The most commonly affected age group was 6-12 years with a female predominance. COVID RTPCR was negative in all patients. Most cases presented 2-6 weeks after the onset of acute COVID-19 infection. Lethargy, poor feeding, vomiting, abdominal pain, loose stools, cough, and cold are common symptoms of MIS-C syndrome in children and the common signs were rash, conjunctival congestion, hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypoxemia. Gastrointestinal system was the commonly affected followed by the hepatic, renal, and cardiovascular systems. Coronary artery abnormalities were seen in 20% of cases. IVIg was the mainstay of therapy used in 95% of patients. Mortality was 1.3%. Cases responded well to IVIg and steroids. Conclusion(s): Overall, the short-term outcome was favorable with low mortality in our study cohort. One-fifth of children had coronary artery abnormalities during acute phase underscoring the need for long-term follow-up. Copyright © 2022, The Author(s).
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Background. Families with children may be at higher risk for influenza infection. Community transmission can suffer from underreporting as testing is often not performed. We studied the epidemiology of influenza in households with school-aged children using home-based sample collection. Methods. We conducted a remote household study surveilling respiratory viruses from November 2019-June 2021, in King County, Washington (WA), USA. Households with school-aged children were enrolled, mailed home specimen collection kits, and asked to self-assess for weekly acute respiratory illness (ARI) using remote survey platforms. Participants with ARI symptoms were prompted to complete serial illness surveys and self-collect/parent collect mid-turbinate nasal swabs. Samples were sent to a University of Washington study laboratory for RT-PCR influenza testing. Influenza rates were compared to WA Department of Health (DOH) reporting. Results. A total of 1861 ARI events were reported among 992 adults and 869 children in 470 households;75 influenza cases were detected (36 influenza A and 39 influenza B). The study participant median age was 32 years (0-84), 10 years (1-49) for influenza A, and 11 years (3-49) for influenza B cases. Overall 13% of households had an influenza case, of which 13 (22%) reported >1 case. A total of 81% of participants reported receipt of one dose of the 2019-2020 influenza vaccine, including 91% of influenza A and 90% of influenza B cases, and 84% received the 2020-2021 influenza vaccine. Like WA DOH, we observed a wave of influenza B cases followed by influenza A in 2019-2020. During influenza season 2020-2021, WA DOH reported 9 positive influenza tests and none observed in our study. Commonly, influenza case-patients reported were fever, cough, rhinorrhea, and fatigue. GI symptoms were more common in children than adults. Of the cases, 92% of influenza A and 78% of influenza B occurred in children. Conclusion. Influenza illness in 2019-2020 was initially influenza B, and subsequently replaced by influenza A. Most cases were in children and adolescents, despite at least one dose of influenza vaccine. Symptoms were widely distributed and similar between influenza A and B. Influenza incidence in our cohort declined to zero with the rise of SARS-CoV-2 cases and widespread mitigation efforts. (Figure Presented).
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Background. In the United States, booster vaccines for persons 18 years and older were approved under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) in September 2021. Waning immunity following SARS-CoV-2 primary vaccination series led to recommendations for booster vaccination. Emerging data suggest that providing boosters different from the primary series (heterologous vaccination) may provide a broader immune response than boosting with the same vaccine (homologous vaccination). CDC recommended the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 30-mug mRNA booster vaccine to clinical trial participants >6 months post study vaccines if not planned for boosting within the study. Methods. We conducted an observational study of persons who received 2 doses of Novavax protein-based NVX-CoV2373 vaccine 21 days apart, in a Phase 3 clinical trial, and subsequently received a Pfizer BNT162b2 booster vaccine under EUA. Serologic assays, including the Roche anti-nucleocapsid (N) IgG and anti-Spike (S) IgG, were performed on blood collected pre-booster (D0) and on days 18 (D18) and 34 (D34) post-booster vaccine. The anti-S IgG geometric means (GMTs) were calculated over study time points. Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed to compare anti-S IgG response between D0 and D18 and D0 and D34. Results. Of 26 participants enrolled, 16 (57%) were women;the median age was 47 years (range 29-67). Roche anti-N antibodies were negative at all visits. Time from second NVX-CoV2373 vaccine to Pfizer BNT162b2 booster was a median of 10.4 months in 54% of participants and 7 months in 46% of participants. Anti-S IgG GMTs were 222 BAU/ml D0, 24,723 BAU/ml D18, and 24,584 BAU/ml D34 (p< 0.0001 for comparisons of D0 with D18 & D34). Overall, participants tolerated the booster vaccine without significant adverse events. Cell mediated immunity and D614G pseudovirus neutralizing antibody assays are in progress. Figure 1. Anti-S IgG titers pre and post-booster vaccine 16 participants included with all 3-time study time points for comparison. Conclusion. Two doses of NVX-CoV2373 vaccine followed by the Pfizer BNT162b2 booster vaccine resulted in ~100-fold increase in anti-S IgG against SARS-CoV-2. No participant had evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection by anti-N IgG. Two doses of NVX-CoV2373 vaccine followed by one dose of Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine is an effective and well-tolerated regimen for boosting anti-S IgG against SARS-CoV-2.
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The pandemic of Covid-19, an epidemic outbreak created many challenges and increased the demand for medical equipments, medicines, and related accessories and most of them had to be imported from abroad. The advanced information technology (Industry 4.0) was considered imperative to track and monitor the spread of the SARS-2 Virus that is Covid-19. A detailed review of literature is done to understand the challenges and the remedial action taken so far during the Covid-19 epidemic outbreak had been gone through using appropriate search engines and databases like Google-search, Science Direct, Scopus, Research Gate, and relevant blogs. The case reports were also considered in this study. We have found ten significant challenges (barriers) and identified several useful technology of industry 4.0 to control and manage the Covid-19 pandemic. This research paper is an attempt to examine and discuss the application of 4.0 technologies in containing the pandemic outbreak. Ten challenges were identified and those could be overcome by promptly applying appropriate technologies of industry 4.0 to control the spread of virus. These technologies help to educate and communicate the public and make them aware of the hazardous attack of Covid-19 virus when properly used.
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Post reporting of deadly virus infecting mankind in city of Wuhan (China) major changes in socio-economic conditions have been encountered. Being reported on 31st December 2019, later named Covid-19 disease has been declared global pandemic on March 11th, 2020 by WHO. Assuming 40-60% people of entire world might get affected due to this virus, lockdown was imposed as an immediate action. This was to curtail transmission of virus through physical contact. This lockdown has shown significant impact on air pollution on a global scale which needs to be analysed for further requirements. It is a known fact that air pollution impacts human respiratory system. Hence analysis of particulate matter and air pollutants post-lockdown and pre-lockdown during Covid pandemic may yield significant results. Even though treatment and prevention of Covid-19 is a big challenge right now, role of nanotechnology should not be ignored. Since nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary and focused field, it is capable of pivoting solutions for problems posed due to this virus and could relieve the excess strained hospitals. Since Covid-19 work on a nanoscale idea of using nanotechnology may offer significant results in the biomedical field that include both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In this context an attempt was made to review some of the published results related to the nature of virus and role of nano and microparticles on Covid-19 as well as to analyse particulate matter and air pollutants for a coastal, urban, industrial station in Visakhapatnam India. © 2022 - Kalpana Corporation.
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Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak was first reported in China in December 2019, and the World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The number of confirmed cases has risen alarmingly in most countries across all continents over the past few months. The current COVID-19 pandemic has had an immense impact on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) with disruptions in the regular provision of Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) services such as maternal care, safe abortion services, contraception, prevention and the treatment of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. Other aspects that merit attention include a probable increase in domestic violence, sexual abuse, and the effects of the stigma associated with coronavirus infection on SRH clients and health care providers. Furthermore, as the coronavirus infection is relatively new, only minimal data is available to understand the impact of this disease on SRH, including coronavirus infection complicating pregnancies, and in people with STI/HIV-related immunosuppression. There is a serious necessity for the medical fraternity to generate psycho-social and clinico-epidemiological correlations between coronavirus disease and SRHR outcomes. The article reviews the hidden impact of coronavirus pandemic on sexual and reproductive health and rights of women, particularly in India.
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In the existing pandemic situation, it is not safe for people to touch all the objects/things present around them. In urban areas, majority of human population use elevators in their everyday lives and they are ought to touch the elevator buttons to move from one place to another. This increases the risk of COVID-19 spread. To overcome this challenge, a contactless system has been developed by incorporating a sensor to capture the hand gestures and control elevator functions. In this way, the suggested technique prevents the manual pressing of elevator buttons. In the proposed system, People wave their hands in front of the sensor to select the desired floor number and trigger the elevator to move from the current to the desired floor. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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Collocated particulate matter concentration data of three stations Vi-sakhapatnam, Amaravathi and Tirupathi belonging to state of Andhra Pradesh in India was analysed for the period 2018 − 2020. These stations were selected based on their geographical, demographical and industrial conditions. Regression analysis was done by taking PM2.5 and PM10 as dependent and N O, CO, SO2, O3, T (Temperature) and RH(Relative Humidity) as independent variables for all three stations along with analysis of seasonal variation. The observed average values of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are 84.84 µg/m3 and 106.52 µg/m3 for Visakhapatnam followed by 34.99 µg/m3 and 71.98 µg/m3 for Amaravathi follwed by 24.96 µg/m3 and l57.01 µg/m3 for Tirupathi between January 2018 to Sep-tember 2020. The observed mean values of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations for Visakhapatnam are 73.37 µg/m3 and 146.52 µg/m3 during winter, 29.7 µg/m3 and 90.48 µg/m3 during summer and l35.11 $µg/m3 and 93.00 µg/m3 during monsoon. Their values for Amaravthi are 61.42 µg/m3 and 108.28 µg/m3 during winter, 20.07 µg/m3 and 63.19 µg/m3 during summer and 18.37 µg/m3 and 45.55 µg/m3 during monsoon. Similarly for Tirupathi these values are 39.65 µg/m3 and 73.07 µg/m3 during winter, 29.22 µg/m3 and 63.08 µg/m3 during summer and 15.11 µg/m3 and 47.07 µg/m3 during monsoon. These observa-tions indicate higher particulate matter concentration during winter season. Summer concentrations should be minimum but slightly more than monsoon which might be due to COVID-19 lock-down during 2020 summer. © 2020, Research Publication. All rights reserved.
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In the context of developing countries, early evidence suggests that the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food production systems is complex, heterogenous, and dynamic. As such, robust monitoring of the impact of the health crisis and containment measures across agricultural value chains will likely prove vitally important. With Bangladesh as a case study, we discuss the building blocks of a comprehensive monitoring system for prioritizing and designing interventions that respond to food system disruptions from COVID-19 and preemptively avoid further cascading negative effects. We also highlight the need for parallel research that identifies pathways for enhancing information flow, analysis, and action to improve the efficiency and reliability of input and output value chains. In aggregate, this preliminary work highlights the building blocks of resilient food systems to external shocks such as COVID-19 pandemic in the context of developing nations. In doing so, we call attention to the importance of 'infection safe' agricultural input and output distribution logistics, extended social safety nets, adequate credit facilities, and innovative labor management tools alongside, appropriate farm mechanization. In addition, digital extension services, circular nutrient flows, enhanced storage facilities, as well as innovative and robust marketing mechanisms are required. These should be considered in parallel with effective international trade management policies and institutions as crucial supportive measures.